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Jefferson attempted to create an efficient plantation based on new approaches to agriculture and manufacturing. To realize his goals, dozens of enslaved and free workers lived and worked here on Mulberry Row. He added a series of dwellings and workshops to the outbuildings that served his elite household. Structures were built, dismantled, or re-purposed as Jefferson’s needs changed.
After Jefferson’s retirement from the presidency and the completion of Monticello II in 1809, the “dairy,” smokehouse, and wash house moved to the completed South Terrace wing while other buildings were added, torn down, or re-purposed. Free and enslaved workers produced goods in Jefferson’s workshops when trade embargoes during the War of 1812 restricted imports.