Thomas Jefferson Randolph (1792—1875), born at Monticello, was the eldest son of Thomas Mann Randolph and Martha Jefferson Randolph and the eldest grandson of Thomas Jefferson. His education, at home and in Philadelphia, where he was sent at the age of fifteen, was supervised by his grandfather and included studies in botany, natural history, and anatomy.

Married to Jane Hollins Nicholas, daughter of Wilson Cary Nicholas, on March 6, 1815, Randolph soon took over the management of his grandfather's affairs and displayed an aptitude for finance. In 1817, the couple moved from Monticello to nearby Tufton, where they raised twelve children, nine daughters and three sons, and lost one daughter at the age of three.

The burden of his father-in-law's financial ruin and the mismanagement of his own father's affairs fell heavily on Randolph, who became estranged from his father while attempting to mitigate the damage. In addition, after Thomas Jefferson's death, Randolph, as sole executor of his estate, struggled to pay his grandfather's debts and eventually did so, though it meant the sale of Monticello and the family's removal to Edgehill.

Randolph published the first collection of Jefferson's writings in 1829 and also became a member of the Board of Visitors at the University of Virginia, where he later served as Rector. Among other public offices, Randolph served six terms in the Virginia House of Delegates, where he supported the gradual emancipation and deportation of slaves. Too old to fight during the Civil War, Randolph nevertheless was given a colonel's commission in the Confederate army, and in 1872 he served as chairman of the National Democratic Convention.

Thomas Jefferson Randolph died at Edgehill following a carriage accident on October 7, 1875.

- Heidi Hackford, 2004

Further Sources

• Coolidge, Joseph Randolph. Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Boston: Beals & Green, 1875.
• DAB.
• Hurwitz, Jerome A. "Thomas Jefferson Randolph, Democratic Leader." Thesis, University of Richmond, 1938.
• Leonard, Cynthia Miller comp. The General Assembly of Virginia, July 30, 1619-January 11, 1978: A Bicentennial Register of Members. Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1978. See pages 359-404.
• Randolph Family. Additional Papers of the Randolph Family at Edgehill 1784-1910, Accession #5533-c. Special Collections, University of Virginia Library. The collection contains over a thousand manuscript items relating to Thomas Jefferson Randolph and his extended family. A finding aid is available online. See also additional material in accession #5533-d, #5533-e, and #5533-f.
• Randolph, Thomas Jefferson. "Memoirs." Edgehill-Randolph Papers, Accession #1397. Special Collections, University of Virginia Library.
• Shackelford, Descendants, 1:76-88.
• Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Jefferson Quotes and Family Letters.
• Thomas Jefferson Foundation. The Monticello Classroom. "Thomas Jefferson Randolph." A biography for children and young adults.
• Vance, Joseph Carroll. "Thomas Jefferson Randolph." PhD diss., University of Virginia, 1957.
• Search for more sources by and about Thomas Jefferson Randolph in the Thomas Jefferson Portal.