Delphinium elatum - Bee Larkspur
Delphinium exaltatum - American Larkspur
Scientific Name: Delphinium elatum
Common Name: Bee Larkspur
Description: Herbaceous summer-flowering perennial or biennial; richly-colored, bluish-purple flowers form on rigid stalks
Size: Grows 4 to 6 feet high
Cultural Information: Prefers sun to partial shade and rich, well-drained loam and benefits from mulch
USDA Zones: 2 through 7
Historical Notes: Bee larkspur, a native of Western Europe, Russia, and East Asia and one of the chief parents of our modern Delphinium cultivars, has been cultivated in English gardens since 1578. An early American citation of this species is found in Bernard McMahon's 1806 edition of The American Gardener's Calendar.[1] It was more widely used in the perennial flower border by the end of the 19th century, and in 1918 Louise Beebe Wilder remarked on the flower's grace. In 1811 Jefferson recorded the planting of "Delphinium exaltatum. American larkspur," a native North American species.[2] L. H. Bailey commented in 1906 that he believed the two species were often confused in the trade. The "bee" of the Delphinium refers to the shape of the petals in the throat of the flower.
Further Sources
- Adams, Denise Wiles. Restoring American Gardens: An Encyclopedia of Heirloom Ornamental Plants, 1640-1940. Portland, Ore.: Timber Press, 2004.
- Coats, Alice M. Flowers and Their Histories. London: Black, 1968.
- Dutton, Joan Parry. Plants of Colonial Williamsburg. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg, 1979.
- Leighton, Ann. American Gardens in the Eighteenth Century. Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 1986.
- Stuart, David, and James Sutherland. Plants from the Past: Old Flowers for New Gardens. Harmondsworth: Viking, 1987.
- Thomas Jefferson Center for Historic Plants.
References
- ^ Bernard McMahon, The American Gardener's Calendar (Philadelphia: Printed by B. Graves, 1806), 291, 292.
- ^ Garden Book, 1766-1824, page 44, by Thomas Jefferson [electronic edition], Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003). See also Betts, Garden Book, 445; Edwin M. Betts, Hazlehurst Bolton Perkins, and Peter J. Hatch, Thomas Jefferson's Flower Garden at Monticello (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986), 58-59.