Jefferson''s under waistcoat

The Monticello collection includes many items of clothing that belonged to Thomas Jefferson and other family members. Among the most interesting items is a red silk under waistcoat believed to have been Jefferson's.

During the late eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries, under waistcoats were worn by men of every economic status as a middle layer of clothing. They were worn on top of shirts and were designed to be seen peeking out from underneath an outer primary waistcoat. This particular Jefferson under waistcoat, however, is very different from most others.

Just as Jefferson built and then later altered Monticello "with a greater eye to convenience,"^[1] he also modified some of his clothing to meet his changing needs.

Waistcoat lining, made from one of Jefferson''s stockings

Jefferson's red under waistcoat was altered by the addition of a lining consisting of opened or flattened stockings sewn into the interior to make the garment warmer. Since the stockings were embroidered with "TI" stitched over "9.7.," we know they were one of Jefferson's pairs. The waistcoat was also shortened about five inches, making the bottom edge terminate at the waist. The original waistcoat was significantly longer and had a center back vent.

These alterations changed how and when the garment was worn. When the waistcoat was new, it would have been part of a larger suit of clothing, possibly including a longer white woolen under waistcoat (also in Monticello's collection).

Waistcoat open to view lining

The changes may have been made so that, later in life, Jefferson could wear the waistcoat under a shorter, newer-style waistcoat, which was perhaps not as warm as he wanted. Jefferson suffered greatly from the cold. In the winter of 1801, in a letter to William Dunbar, he lamented, "I have no doubt but that cold is the source of more sufferance to all animal nature than hunger, thirst, sickness & all the other pains of life & of death itself put together."^[2] 

Painting showing a piece of a red garment under Jefferson's coat

- Carrie Taylor, 2002

Further Sources

• Baumgarten, Linda. "Jefferson's Clothing." The Magazine Antiques 144 (1993): 100-05.
• Look for further sources on historic clothing in the Thomas Jefferson Portal.