Lilium canadense - Canada Lily
Canada LilyScientific Name: Lilium canadense
Common Name: Canada or Meadow Lily, Canada Martagon
Description: Hardy, Eastern North American, mid-summer flowering bulb; broadly trumpet shaped, yellow to yellow-orange flowers with rich, maroon-red spots in the center
Size: Flower stem grows 3 to 5 feet
Cultural Information: Prefers sun to part shade; moist, humus-rich loam
USDA Zones: 2 through 7
Historical Notes: This strikingly beautiful native lily was introduced to Europe in 1620. While living in Paris in 1786, Jefferson wrote to Philadelphia nurseryman John Bartram, requesting plants of "Lilium Canadense,"[1] and Bartram's 1783 broadside included "Lillium martagon."
Jefferson bought some seeds of Lilium canadense, among other plants, from James Lee & Co. near London on April 26, 1786, and presented some or perhaps all of the seeds to French statesman Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes.[2]
Bernard McMahon, also from Philadelphia, listed "Canada Martagon Lily" in his book, The American Gardener's Calendar, 1806,[3] and early 19th-century gardener Lady Jean Skipwith's enslaved laborers grew the "spotted Canada Martagon lily" at her southern Virginia planation, Prestwould.
- Peggy Cornet, n.d.; additions by Anna Berkes, 8/15/13
Other References
1809 December 29. (Jefferson to Ann C. Bankhead). "à propos of plants, make a thousand acknolegements in my name & with my respects to mrs Bankhead for the favor proposed of the Cape Jessamine. it will be cherished with all the possible attentions: and in return proffer her Calycanthuses, Paccans, Silk trees, Canada martagons or any thing else we have."[4]
Further Sources
References
- ^ Jefferson to Bartram, January 27, 1786, in PTJ, 9:228-30. Transcription available at Founders Online.
- ^ MB, 1: (transcription available at Founders Online); Jefferson to Malesherbes, May 5, 1786, in PTJ, 9:452-53 (transcription available at Founders Online). For the itemized invoice of Jefferson's purchases from James Lee & Co., see Betts, Garden Book, 115.
- ^ Bernard McMahon, American Gardener's Calendar ... (Philadelphia: B. Graves, 1806), 461, 494, and 534.
- ^ PTJ:RS, 2:103-04. Transcription available at Founders Online.